Zelda and Shinto – Foreword...

What resonates at the heart of Hyrule?

The "Legend of Zelda" series has long held a place in the pantheon of iconic video games, exerting significant influence on gaming culture and its enthusiasts worldwide. Since its debut in 1986, "Zelda" has continuously fascinated players with its rich worlds, complex puzzles, and unforgettable characters. However, it's not just the gameplay or story aspects that capture the fans' attention; something more profound, closely tied to its Japanese roots, lies at the heart of this series.

The aim of this article is to explore how Shintoism - Japan's indigenous religion characterized by a deep respect for nature and the belief in the presence of spirits (kami) in everything that surrounds us - and, more broadly, Japanese culture, have influenced one of the latest and most innovative installments in the series: "The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild". In this game, Shinto motifs and worldview play a key role, shaping both the structure of gameplay and the depth of narrative, offering players not just entertainment but also a unique opportunity to immerse themselves in the richness of Japanese tradition and values.

And what resonates in the heart of a Japanese?

Shintoism, also known as kami-no-michi (神の道, the way of the gods), is the indigenous religion of Japan, influencing the daily life, culture, and traditions of the Japanese for thousands of years. Unlike many religions, Shintoism does not have a founder, holy scriptures, or a defined belief system. Instead, it is based on a deep respect for nature and the belief in the existence of kami - spirits or deities that inhabit the world around us.

Shintoism recognizes the existence of an innumerable amount of kami, which can take the form of natural elements such as trees, stones, rivers, mountains, as well as meteorological phenomena or forces of nature. Kami are present everywhere, from majestic landscapes to the most modest everyday objects, and they play the role of guardians, ensuring balance between the natural world and people.

In Shintoism, kami are not seen as omnipotent deities but rather as entities close to human nature, possessing both good and bad sides. The relationship between people and kami is based on mutual respect and cooperation. People worship kami through various rituals and festivals (matsuri), which take place in Shinto shrines (jinja) and home altars (kamidana). These practices aim to maintain harmony in the world, attract prosperity, and ward off misfortunes and evil.

We will now embark on a journey through the vast lands of Hyrule to take another look at all the wonders and mysteries we've uncovered through the eyes of Link, but this time seeing more, understanding more. We will discover how subtle symbols and Shinto elements embedded in the heart of this story influence our perception of the heroic journey and the world in which it unfolds. We will see how kami, present in every tree, stone, or stream, are not just a backdrop for Link's adventures but key elements that add depth and context to his mission. We will analyze how ancient practices and Shinto beliefs come alive in interactions with friends and foes, in mystical shrines and forgotten temples, creating a bridge between the virtual world and the cultural reality of Japan. The Legend of Zelda invites us to reflect on our place in the cosmos and the ways in which we interact with our environment, so let's accept the invitation.

At the Foundation of The Legend of Zelda's World

At the heart of the world presented in "The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild" lies a philosophy deeply rooted in Shinto beliefs concerning time, good, evil, and the eternal balance between these forces. These inspirations are visible not only in the visual and structural elements of the game but also in its fundamental narrative premises, reflecting the complexity of the Shinto worldview.

The Concept of Time and Cyclicity

Shintoism views time as cyclical, where if something has happened once - it will return and happen again. This idea is reflected in the series of games about Link through the mechanism of the regeneration of nature and enemies after every blood moon. It is a symbolic reminder that in the world of Hyrule, just like in Shinto cosmology, ends are always beginnings, and destruction leads to renewal. Such an approach to time emphasizes the Shinto belief in constant change and renewal, reminding players of the inevitability of changes and the need to accept the cycle of life. This concept, however, goes deeper into the structures of Zelda's narrative…

The Cyclicity of Evil in Hyrule

In "Breath of the Wild", the return of Ganon, as an incarnation of evil and pollution (kegare - 穢れ), emphasizes not so much the inevitability of evil, but rather the need for constant vigilance and readiness to act to protect the world's harmony. Ganon, saturated with Malice (魔力 – maryoku, meaning magical, demonic, and malevolent energy, power), is a manifestation of negative forces that threaten Hyrule. His cyclical return is a reminder that evil is not once and for all defeated; instead, it requires heroes and the community's continual readiness to defend the goodness and purity of the world.

The Shinto Concept of Purification

In Shintoism, purification practices (harai - 祓い) serve to remove pollutants and restore a state of purity. Analogously, in "Breath of the Wild", Link undertakes the mission to cleanse Hyrule from Ganon's Malice, which is a metaphorical reflection of Shinto rituals. The battle against Ganon and his influences becomes a purifying ritual that restores balance and harmony to the world, emphasizing that these actions are necessary for maintaining order and prosperity.

The Balance Between Good and Evil

In "The Legend of Zelda" universe, just as in the Shinto understanding of the world, good and evil are inseparably linked, and their coexistence is crucial for maintaining balance. The character of Ganon, although antagonistic, is an integral part of the life cycle of Hyrule, reminding us of the continuous struggle between constructive and destructive forces. This dynamic reflects the Shinto acceptance of the natural order of things, where evil is not only a challenge but also a motivation for improvement, growth, and renewal.

Through a deeper understanding of Shinto inspirations in "Breath of the Wild," players can see that the battle against Ganon and his Malice is not just a narrative theme of the game but also a symbolic message about the constant need for purification, renewal, and maintaining balance in our lives and the world that surrounds us. This universal lesson, rooted in Shinto tradition, emphasizes the value of striving for harmony, even in the face of inevitable challenges and returns of evil.

Let's also note that the concept of evil here differs from the European and American understanding. In Shintoism, the boundaries between good and evil are fluid; evil (kegare) is perceived more as pollution or a state of impurity rather than absolute moral wickedness. "Breath of the Wild" captures this complexity through the character of Calamity Ganon, an incarnation of evil that is, however, an integral part of the world of Hyrule. Ganon's evil is not presented as an external invading force but rather as an intrinsic element of the world that requires regular cleansing. This interpretation of evil indicates a Shinto understanding that the harmony of the world requires continuous effort to maintain balance between purity and pollution.

The Balance Between Human Technology and the Sanctity of Nature

The influence of Shintoism on portraying the balance between humans, nature, and technology in "The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild" is deeply rooted in the narrative and mechanics of the game. Shintoism, with its emphasis on harmony between man and nature, is reflected in how the game depicts relationships between characters, their environment, and ancient technologies. The world of Hyrule is full of sacred places, such as shrines and temples, which contain both natural beauty and advanced technology. This symbiosis between ancient wisdom and respect for the land reflects the Shinto belief that all elements of the world possess a spirit (kami) and that humanity must live in harmony with these spirits, both through the protection of the natural environment and responsible use of technology.

In "Breath of the Wild," Sheikah technology, though powerful, is presented as something that requires balance and respect. Using technology for destructive purposes, as in the case of the Divine Beasts overtaken by Ganon, shows the consequences of losing this balance. However, the same technologies, when used with wisdom and respect for nature, become a key element in restoring harmony in Hyrule. This dualism shows that technology itself is neither good nor bad; how it is used - in harmony with nature and community or against them - determines its impact on the world. This concept reflects the Shinto approach to life, which does not reject progress but emphasizes the importance of maintaining a balance between progress and tradition, between innovation and respect for the natural world.

Shinto Narrative in "The Legend of Zelda"

Shinto ideas in "The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild" have a profound impact not only on the game world's context but also on character development, including tasks and challenges facing Link. The gameplay and story of the game are imbued with the idea of continuous interaction with nature and the need to cleanse the world of negative influences, found in Shinto practices and beliefs.

Character Development and Story

Every task and challenge that Link faces reflects the Shinto idea of harmony between people and nature. Missions involving the rescue of nature spirits, unlocking Sheikah shrines, or interactions with various tribes of Hyrule, such as the Gorons or Zora, underscore the importance of cooperation and mutual respect between different forms of life. The character of Link, acting as a mediator between the human world and nature spirits, symbolizes a Shinto priest who strives to restore balance and harmony.

Shinto Purification Rituals

In the game, Shinto purification rituals find reflection in tasks related to removing pollutants caused by Malice Ganon. An example is the process of purifying the Divine Beasts, which have been corrupted by Ganon's evil. Link must use his wisdom, courage, and strength to restore these powerful machines to their original, unpolluted state. This part of the gameplay refers to the Shinto ritual of harai, aimed at cleansing and removing negative influences, thereby restoring purity and harmony.

Let's Return to Hyrule and Check Again...

Koroks

Koroks, charming creatures resembling forest sprites, are a direct reference to the Shinto belief in the presence of spirits in every aspect of nature. These small characters, hidden throughout Hyrule, symbolize the spirit of trees and forests, reminding us of the Shinto belief that nature is home to countless kami. Tasks related to finding Koroks emphasize the importance of mindfulness and respect for the natural world, encouraging players to explore and appreciate even the smallest elements of the environment.

The appearance of Koroks, with their simple, mask-like faces and natural bodies, resembles kodama, tree spirits present in many Japanese myths and legends. (Remember? Kodama – forest spirits from Mononoke Hime). Kodama are considered guardians of forests and trees, and their images are often depicted with simple but expressive features, highlighting their connection to nature. Additionally, the masks worn by Korokis may be inspired by traditional Japanese masks used in ceremonies and festivals, adding another layer of cultural references to their design.

The Great Deku

The Great Deku, a majestic, speaking tree, is another example of Shinto influences, serving as a guardian of the forest and a spiritual guide. Its presence in "Breath of the Wild" reminds us of the Shinto practice of venerating sacred trees, which are considered the abode of kami. The Great Deku is a source of wisdom and care, emphasizing the sanctity and spiritual power that nature holds in Shintoism.

Sheikah Shrines

Sheikah Shrines scattered throughout Hyrule serve as places of trial and meditation, combining technological elements with spiritual challenges. These ancient structures reflect Shinto temples, being places where physical and spiritual challenges lead to growth and purification. Each shrine is a tribute to the Shinto practice of harmonizing with the forces of nature and seeking inner balance.

Lantern Festival

The Lantern Festival in Kakariko is a direct reference to Shinto festivals and traditions of celebrating the memory of ancestors and spirits. This beautiful ritual, in which residents release lanterns into the night sky, symbolizes communication between the living world and the spirits, expressing respect and remembrance for those who have passed away.

Spirit of Mount Lanayru

The Spirit of Mount Lanayru, a majestic dragon soaring over the region, exemplifies Shinto kami in its most noble form. Dragons in Japanese culture are often seen as divine beings and guardians of nature. Encountering the mountain spirit in the game is a moment full of awe and mysticism, highlighting the Shinto belief in powerful, protective spirits inhabiting the natural world.

Zora's Purification Ritual

The mission in which Link must help purify water contaminated by Malice Ganon reflects Shinto practices of purification and harmony with natural elements. The Zora, an aquatic people who revere water as a sacred element, perform rituals reminiscent of Shinto harai ceremonies, aiming to restore purity and balance in their environment. This is a perfect example of how Shinto motifs penetrate the tasks and narrative of the game, emphasizing the importance of cleanliness and purification in maintaining harmony between people and nature.

Dragon Shrines

In "Breath of the Wild," dragon shrines are places of worship scattered throughout Hyrule, where players can offer sacrifices to the dragons Naydra, Farosh, and Dinraal in exchange for valuable crafting and enhancement ingredients. These altars symbolize Shinto practices of making offerings to kami, in this case, powerful nature spirits in the form of dragons. Shinto emphasizes reciprocity between people and the spirits of the world, and the game's dragon shrines are an excellent reflection of this relationship, encouraging players to pay homage and respect to these majestic beings, which in turn brings blessings and aid on their journey.

Great Forge

The Great Forge located in the Goron village is a place where Link can enhance and repair unique weapons, such as the Master Sword. This process requires collecting special materials, echoing the Shinto belief in the power of various natural objects. Forges in Japanese culture are often viewed as places of spiritual significance, where craftsmanship is intertwined with spirituality. The process of forging and repairing weapons at the Great Forge reflects the Shinto idea of renewal and continuous purification, both of objects and the spirit.

Forest Spirits and Their Protection

In "Breath of the Wild," players may encounter forest spirits, such as the Shadow of the Forest, which require protection or the completion of specific tasks to calm or release them. These tasks often involve restoring the natural order or cleansing a particular place of negative influences. In Shintoism, the well-being of nature spirits is extremely important, and caring for them and ensuring their peace is part of daily religious practices. The game's forest spirits and the tasks associated with them highlight this deep bond between people and kami, showing that the harmony of the natural world is crucial for the well-being of the entire universe.

Divine Beasts

Divine Beasts, immense mechanical creatures inspired by animals, are an expression of Shinto fascination with the harmony between nature and human ingenuity. Their names and characters allude to nature spirits, and their role in defending Hyrule against Ganon reflects the Shinto idea of protection and care for the world by powerful kami.

□ Vah Ruta - The name alludes to an elephant, and this Divine Beast is associated with the Zora tribe, whose members are connected to water. "Ruta" may pay homage to Princess Ruto from "Ocarina of Time," who was also associated with the water element. Water in Shintoism is often seen as a purifying and life-giving element, correlating with Vah Ruta's role in purification and protection.

□ Vah Rudania - Inspired by a lizard or dragon, Vah Rudania is associated with the Gorons, a tribe living on a volcano. The name may reference Darunia, the leader of the Gorons from "Ocarina of Time." Fire, though destructive, is also considered a purifying and renewing element in Shintoism.

□ Vah Medoh - This Divine Beast resembles an eagle and is associated with the Rito tribe, masters of the sky. "Medoh" may allude to Medli from "The Wind Waker," a representative of the Rito. Birds in Shintoism are often seen as messengers between worlds, fitting with Vah Medoh's role as a guardian of the heavens.

□ Vah Naboris - Referring to a camel, its design is associated with the desert-dwelling Gerudo tribe. The name "Naboris" may pay tribute to Nabooru from "Ocarina of Time," a warrior from the Gerudo tribe. Despite its harshness, the desert is a place where life adapts and thrives in challenging conditions, reflecting the Shinto belief in resilience and adaptation.

Legend of Zelda - a Tale of Balance and Equilibrium...

"The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild" is not only a visual and interactive masterpiece in the world of video games but also a deeply metaphorical tale that respectfully pays homage to Japan's Shinto beliefs while inviting players to reflect on their own place in the world and relationships with nature. Through its unique world, rich narrative, and intricate mechanics, the game becomes a modern Shinto narrative exploring the relationships between humans and the sacred aspects of nature, emphasizing the importance of balance and harmony in our coexistence with the surrounding world.

In summary, "Breath of the Wild" not only pays homage to Shinto traditions and beliefs but also presents players with challenges that encourage reflection on contemporary environmental issues and our role in protecting the natural world. By combining gameplay with deep cultural motifs, the game becomes a bridge between ancient wisdom and contemporary challenges, reminding us of the values that are essential for harmonious coexistence with nature. "Breath of the Wild" is not just an adventure in a fantastic world but also a reminder that each of us has an impact on the world we live in and that respect for nature and its protection is a task we must undertake together.

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 A connoisseur of Asian culture with a deep-seated appreciation for various philosophies of the world. By education, psychologist and Korean philologist. By heart, an Android developer and an ardent tech aficionado. In tranquil moments, he champions a disciplined way of life, firmly believing that steadfastness, perpetual self-enhancement, and a dedication to one's passions is a sensible path for life.

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  Mike Soray

(aka Michał Sobieraj)

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