A Busy Week or a Moment for Reflection

The Japanese May holiday, known in Japan and throughout East Asia as ゴールデンウィーク (Golden Week), is a unique period in the Japanese calendar that includes a series of national holidays from April 29 to May 5. During this time, Japan celebrates four main holidays: Showa Day (昭和の日, Showa no Hi) commemorating the birthday of Emperor Showa, Constitution Day (憲法記念日, Kenpo Kinenbi) observed on May 3, Greenery Day (みどりの日, Midori no Hi) on May 4, and Children’s Day (子供の日, Kodomo no Hi) on May 5. Each has its own history and significance, together creating a week full of reflection, celebration, and family time. Or filled with the hustle and bustle of running between airports, subway stations, and crowded highways. As they say – to each their own. Or in Japanese: 好き好き (suki suki) – “everyone has what they like.”

Golden Week is a period of heightened travel and activity, when about 24 million Japanese leave their workplaces to spend time with family, visit their ancestral homes, or simply enjoy free time on sightseeing trips or in national parks. It is also a time when cities and towns come alive with numerous organized festivals and local events that draw crowds of residents and tourists. Statistics show that during Golden Week, tourist traffic in Japan increases by about 25%, hotel occupancy reaches up to 90%, and the number of flight and rail bookings increases by 50% compared to the norm, posing a challenge for organizers and participants of the travels.

While Golden Week is a period of rest and fun, it also has its social and cultural significance, promoting both traditional values and offering a moment for reflection. It is a time when Japanese can slow down and enjoy moments that strengthen social and family bonds. The impact of this period on the country is so significant that it is often presented as an economic and social barometer, reflecting changing trends and attitudes in Japanese society.

The Significance of Names

Golden Week in Japan consists of a series of holidays, each with its unique nomenclature and significance. Each of these holidays reflects important aspects of Japanese culture and history, and the characters in their names provide additional insights.

The Meaning and History of the Name “Golden Week"

The name "Golden Week" in Japanese is written, like every word borrowed from another language, in katakana: ゴールデンウィーク (Gōruden Wīku) and is obviously borrowed from the English language.

The name "Golden Week" was first used in the context of cinematography. In the 1950s, Japanese cinemas noticed an increase in ticket sales during the period from late April to early May, when several national holidays were observed. The media began to call this period "Golden Week" due to the significant profit that the cinemas brought in, calling it "golden" due to its profitability.

The further popularity of the term "Golden Week" grew not only thanks to cinemas but also through other commercial and tourist sectors. With the development of the Japanese economy after World War II, the 1960s and 70s brought an increase in free time for employees, which favored the development of domestic tourism. Enterprises and cultural institutions began to coordinate special events, promotions, and festivals, which were planned specifically for this period, attracting an even greater number of tourists and consumers. In this way, "Golden Week" became one of the most profitable periods for the Japanese economy, emphasizing its 'golden' status both culturally and economically.

It is also interesting that despite its popularity, "Golden Week" poses a logistical challenge. Due to the mass movement of people, public transport is overcrowded, and roads are congested. Many transport and tourist companies must prepare especially for this period, planning additional courses and increasing the number of employees. Some families plan their trips and reservations months in advance to avoid crowds and secure a place in popular tourist resorts. Thus, "Golden Week" has become not only a time of rest but also a symbol of modern, mobile Japanese society that strives to find a balance between work and family and personal life.

Other Terms Often Associated with Golden Week

帰省 (Kisei) - "returning home."

This term refers to the tradition of returning to one's birthplace or ancestral home to spend time with family. It is a popular practice in Japan during Golden Week, when many people take advantage of the long holiday to visit their loved ones. Often it is the only (or one of two, along with New Year's) times when a Japanese person leaves the city with their immediate family to go to the countryside, to their parents. In practice, this is what “kisei” means – a rare return to aging parents who live in half-deserted villages that due to the phenomenon of “genkai shuraku,” or the depopulation and aging of the Japanese village, no longer serve any other function (economic, agricultural).

出発ラッシュ (Shuppatsu Rasshu) - "departure rush."

This term is specific to periods of mass departures during holidays in Japan, such as Golden Week. It describes the sudden increase in the number of people traveling from major cities to their hometowns or on vacation, leading to the overcrowding of public transport and congestion on roads and at airport terminals. "Shuppatsu Rasshu" is the moment when many Japanese simultaneously leave the cities, which is one of the characteristic features of Golden Week and a phenomenon widely commented on in the media and requiring long-term preparations in the transport sector.

帰宅ラッシュ (Kitaku Rasshu) - "return rush."

This term refers to the intense traffic heading back to the large cities, which takes place at the end of Golden Week. It is the time when Japanese, who have left the cities for recreational purposes or to visit family, return to their homes, leading to significant congestion on the roads and in mass transport, such as trains and airplanes.

特需 (Tokujū) -"peak demand" (can be said: “season”).

In the context of Golden Week, this term refers to the increased demand for goods and services, especially in the tourism and entertainment sectors. Restaurants, hotels, theme parks, and other tourist attractions experience a significant increase in customer numbers, which is the result of mass travel taking place at this time.

May Blues (五月病 - Gogatsubyo) - "May Sickness"

This term describes a psychological or emotional state that may occur after Golden Week or towards its end when people must return to work after a long holiday break. "Gogatsubyo" is sometimes likened to the post-holiday blues in Western cultures and can manifest as a lack of motivation, feelings of melancholy, or fatigue. It is a fairly common phenomenon in Japan, where there is a sudden need to readjust to daily duties and professional demands. This feeling can be particularly intense after days filled with freedom and relaxation, making the return to work emotionally difficult.

Holidays in Golden Week

Showa Day (昭和の日 - Showa no hi)

Showa Day is celebrated as the anniversary of Emperor Showa's (Hirohito) birthday, who reigned over Japan during a period of intense social, economic, and political changes. This day is a moment for reflection on the Showa era, filled with both development and challenges. It covers the years 1926–1989, which include the Great Economic Depression, the time of Japan's Nazi military expansion, and World War II. It is also a period of post-war reconstruction, the transformation of Japan into an extremely pacifist state, and finally, rapid economic development that elevated Japan to one of the most economically and technologically advanced nations in the world. Lastly, and most importantly (yes, I admit, the author may have a slight bias regarding what is most important) – it was the time when companies such as Nintendo and Sony were established in the form we know today, the era of the creation of the Sega Mastersystems and NES consoles, when Mario, Donkey Kong, and the first Final Fantasy were created. It also saw the development of anime, including the rise of giants in this cultural branch, such as Dragon Ball.

On Showa Day, celebrated on April 29, the Japanese participate in many ceremonies aimed at paying tribute to Emperor Hirohito and reflecting on the events of the Showa era. This day is particularly significant due to its symbolic and historical connotations.

Major ceremonies take place in Tokyo, especially around the imperial palace and at the Yasukuni Shinto shrine, which is a memorial site for Japan's fallen soldiers. These ceremonies include the offering of paper and silk sacrifices, prayers for peace, and speeches commemorating Emperor Hirohito and his impact on the country's history.

Many people also visit other important historical sites related to the Showa era, such as the Showa-kan Museum in Tokyo, which documents daily life and social changes in Japan during World War II and the post-war reconstruction. The museum offers exhibits of photographs, everyday objects, and documents that allow visitors to better understand the changes that Japan went through during this period.

Schools and cultural institutions often organize special educational programs aimed at teaching younger generations about the significance of the Showa era for modern Japan. These programs can include lectures, screenings of historical films, and discussion panels that analyze both the positive and negative aspects of this era, from economic development to wartime conflicts.

On Showa Day, many non-profit organizations and social groups conduct initiatives promoting reflection on historical memory and learning from the past. These activities may include volunteering at museums, conducting workshops for local communities, and media campaigns aimed at preserving and promoting the heritage of the Showa era.

This holiday also stirs up much controversy, both among the Japanese and among the nations that were harmed by imperialist Japan in the 20th century. Emperor Hirohito, who reigned throughout the Showa era, is a controversial figure, especially in the context of his role in Japan's wartime actions. Discussions about his responsibility for war crimes and political decisions during the war continue to be a topic of historical and public debate. While some Japanese view him as a figure who tried to limit his government's wartime actions, others see him as one of the main responsible for wartime tragedies.

Visits by politicians and official state representatives to the Yasukuni shrine in Tokyo, where the spirits of Japanese soldiers are honored, including those recognized as war criminals, provoke controversy, especially among neighboring Asian countries, such as China and South Korea. These visits are seen as a symbol of unresolved historical issues and a lack of full accountability for war crimes.

Debates continue in Japan about how the history of World War II and the Showa era are presented in school textbooks and the media. These issues concern how Emperor Hirohito, Japan's actions during the war, and civilian suffering are depicted. Right-wing groups often promote a more positive image of the emperor and the Showa period, while left-wing groups and war victims from other countries demand a more critical interpretation of these events.

Constitution Day (憲法記念日 - Kenpō Kinenbi)

Constitution Day is observed on May 3 and commemorates the enactment of the Japanese Constitution in 1947, which inaugurated a new era of democracy and civil rights in post-war Japan. This holiday celebrates the fundamental principles of freedom, peace, and equality that have become the cornerstone of modern Japanese society and the rule of law.

This day commemorates the moment when Japan adopted a new constitution after the end of World War II, replacing an older governance model that had led to military expansion. This Constitution, known as the Peace Constitution, introduced democratic values and committed Japan to an eternal renunciation of war and the threat of force as a means of resolving international disputes.

On Constitution Day, numerous educational events are held throughout Japan, including symposia, public debates, and exhibitions, aimed at raising awareness about the importance of democracy and constitutional civil rights. Institutions such as schools, universities, libraries, and non-governmental organizations organize activities focused on promoting democratic values and reflecting on the role of the constitution in shaping law and order in Japan.

Like Showa Day, Constitution Day also becomes a forum for debate, mainly about the current status and potential changes to the Constitution. Some conservative and nationalist groups in Japan argue for the need to revise the constitution, especially its famous Article 9, which categorically rejects war as a means of resolving international disputes. Meanwhile, liberal and peaceful factions of society defend the current provisions as the foundation of Japanese pacifism and regional stability.

Constitution Day thus becomes an opportunity to reflect on the past and future of democracy in Japan, serving as an important element in civic education and preserving the memory of efforts to build a society based on human rights and the rule of law.

Greenery Day (みどりの日 - Midori no Hi)

Greenery Day, observed on May 4, is part of Japan's Golden Week and was officially established to raise public awareness about the importance of protecting the natural environment and to promote sustainable development. This holiday evolved from the observance of Emperor Showa's birthday, who was known for his interest in nature and botany.

Greenery Day not only celebrates nature but also encourages society to actively participate in environmental protection. This holiday aims to inspire Japanese people to think about their relationship with nature and to highlight the importance of ecology in everyday life.

On Greenery Day, festivals related to nature, tree planting competitions, ecological workshops, and other outdoor activities are organized throughout Japan. Schools and local organizations often participate in reforestation projects and cleaning local parks and forests, and families use this day for trips to national parks to enjoy the beauty and tranquility of nature.

Children's Day (子供の日 – Kodomo no Hi)

Children's Day, observed on May 5th, is one of the Japanese national holidays that form part of Golden Week. This holiday is dedicated to celebrating the health and happiness of children, and it also aims to draw attention to their rights and well-being.

The history of this holiday dates back to ancient times and was initially known as Tango no Sekku, or Boys' Festival, during which prayers were made for the strength and courage of boys. In 1948, the holiday was officially renamed Children's Day, becoming a day to celebrate the happiness of all children.

A characteristic element of Children's Day is the koinobori, colorful carp-shaped flags that are hung in front of homes. The carps symbolize strength and perseverance, qualities that parents wish for their children. Families also often display models of samurais, armor, helmets, or swords in their homes, which are intended to bring courage and protection. Children participate in various games and activities, and shared meals and sweets, such as chi chi dango (sweet mochi), are an important part of this festival.

Schools and preschools organize events such as parades and sports festivals, which are intended to develop children's social and physical skills. This day is also an opportunity to remind people of the importance of education and upbringing in the spirit of respect and care for the mental and physical well-being of children.

Children's Day is an important element of Japanese culture and society, and increasingly, it is an occasion to reflect on the future of Japan, where there are fewer children, and for those who are, parents (at least fathers) working from dawn till dusk do not have much time.

Golden Week and Tourism and the Economy

Golden Week in Japan is a period that has a significant impact on both domestic and international tourism, which also translates into benefits for the local economy. During this time, when the Japanese enjoy several consecutive days off, many decide to travel both within the country and abroad.

Golden Week is one of the most popular times for trips in Japan, leading to increased tourist traffic in the most famous tourist locations such as Kyoto, Nara, or Hokkaido. International trips to countries like South Korea, China, or Thailand are also popular. During this time, airports and train stations are exceptionally crowded, and plane and train tickets often sell out well before the holidays begin.

Golden Week is an important source of revenue and the peak of the year for the tourism sector, which includes hotels, restaurants, museums, and tourist attractions, all experiencing significant increases in visitors. Shops and shopping centers also experience increased customer traffic. All this contributes to the revitalization of the economy, with many businesses relying almost solely on this period.

Golden Week in Anime and Video Games

Golden Week, a special time in the Japanese calendar filled with national holidays and extended rest, has become a significant element in popular culture: in anime and video games, where it often serves as the backdrop for critical moments in the lives of the characters. Creators of these works use Golden Week as an opportunity to explore deeper themes such as family, friendship, life goals, and personal transformation. Characters, taking advantage of the extra free time, engage in adventures or reflections, which often lead to changes and development. Let's look at a few examples of how the theme of Golden Week appears in well-known anime and games.

"Ano Hi Mita Hana no Namae o Bokutachi wa Mada Shiranai" (Anohana) (2011, Tatsuyuki Nagai)

"Anohana" tells the story of a group of childhood friends who come together again after the spirit of one of them, Menma, appears asking them to fulfill her last wish. In this anime, Golden Week is a time when the characters have a break from school, allowing them to spend more time together for reflection and confrontation with the past.

"Golden Time" (2013, Yuyuko Takemiya)

The anime "Golden Time" follows the lives of a group of law students, their academic life, and romantic entanglements. Golden Week appears as a critical moment for the plot: it serves as a time of reflection and making important decisions about the future of the characters.

"Persona 5" (2016, Katsura Hashino)

"Persona 5" allows players to embody a young man who has the power to change the hearts of corrupted adults, to put it succinctly. Golden Week is a time when characters can undertake additional missions and deepen relationships with other characters, influencing the development of the narrative and shaping the game's ending.

"Usagi Drop" (2011, Yumi Unita)

"Usagi Drop" is a story about a thirty-year-old Daikichi who decides to adopt Rin, a younger relative of his deceased grandfather. During Golden Week, Daikichi and Rin spend more time together, which strengthens the bonds in their unconventional family and helps build a lasting relationship.

"Tokyo Mirage Sessions #FE" (2015, Shinjiro Takada)

The game "Tokyo Mirage Sessions #FE" combines RPG elements and pop idol, where characters fight an invasion of evil beings from another dimension while trying to become pop stars. Golden Week is used for intensive training and improving their artistic and combat skills, which is crucial for the development of their careers in the show business world.

"Barakamon" (2014, Satsuki Yoshino)

"Barakamon" is a series where a young calligrapher moves to a rural island to find inspiration after a public failure. Golden Week allows the main character to better understand life on the island and get closer to its residents, which is a crucial turning point in his personal and professional development.

"Yakuza 0" (2015, Toshihiro Nagoshi)

"Yakuza 0", a prequel to the Yakuza game series, depicts the early career of Kiryu Kazuma in the criminal underworld. Golden Week is a period when players can experience how life in Tokyo and Osaka changes, offering unique missions and interactions.

Summary

Golden Week in Japan is not only a time for rest and fun, but also an opportunity for personal growth and exploring new horizons. Japanese people use this time to visit families, travel both domestically and abroad, which contributes to economic growth and strengthening social bonds. This period is also significant for the Japanese economy, especially for the tourism and retail sectors, which experience substantial growth due to increased consumer and traveler activity. An interesting aspect of Golden Week is its impact on urban planning and transportation. Due to the increased movement of people, cities like Tokyo experience temporary changes in public transportation organization and greater availability of tourist services. This shows how flexibly Japan can respond to seasonal challenges, ensuring smooth movement and access to attractions.

Golden Week is also a time when Japan showcases its cultural richness through festivals and local events that attract tourists from around the world. Thus, Golden Week is not only a celebration of leisure time but also a celebration of Japanese culture in its most dynamic form, making it a fascinating time for both residents and visitors.

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"Strong Japanese Women"

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    未開    ソビエライ

 An enthusiast of Asian culture with a deep appreciation for the diverse philosophies of the world. By education, a psychologist and philologist specializing in Korean studies. At heart, a programmer (primarily for Android) and a passionate technology enthusiast, as well as a practitioner of Zen and mono no aware. In moments of tranquility, adheres to a disciplined lifestyle, firmly believing that perseverance, continuous personal growth, and dedication to one's passions are the wisest paths in life. Author of the book "Strong Women of Japan" (>>see more)

Personal motto:

"The most powerful force in the universe is compound interest." - Albert Einstein (probably)

  Mike Soray

   (aka Michał Sobieraj)

未開    ソビエライ

 An enthusiast of Asian culture with a deep appreciation for the diverse philosophies of the world. By education, a psychologist and philologist specializing in Korean studies. At heart, a programmer (primarily for Android) and a passionate technology enthusiast, as well as a practitioner of Zen and mono no aware. In moments of tranquility, adheres to a disciplined lifestyle, firmly believing that perseverance, continuous personal growth, and dedication to one's passions are the wisest paths in life. Author of the book "Strong Women of Japan" (>>see more)

Personal motto:

"The most powerful force in the universe is compound interest." - Albert Einstein (probably)

Mike Soray

(aka Michał Sobieraj)

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