Fuji, Falcon, Eggplant

The first day of the New Year is behind us—a time of reflection, when we often review our achievements from the past year and finalize plans for the coming one. In Japanese culture, an important tradition during this period is hatsuyume—the "first dream." According to the modern calendar, the hatsuyume night is usually considered to be from January 1st to 2nd (prior to 1873, it occurred around early February). This age-old tradition places special significance on what appears in our imagination during the first dream of the year. It was believed that seeing Mount Fuji, a falcon, or an eggplant in this dream foretold good fortune and success—not only due to their symbolic meanings but also because of wordplay and ancient connections to the Suruga region and the first shōgun of Edo, Tokugawa Ieyasu.

The artwork Hatsuyume by Utagawa Kuniyoshi serves as a visual commentary on this multilayered tradition. The artist weaves together elements that embody both hope and mystery. At the center of the piece is the majestic Mount Fuji, surrounded by light clouds. Below it stands a strong and dignified falcon, perched on richly adorned fabric, ready to take flight. In the lower left corner, we see a lush eggplant in a decorative pot—a traditional symbol of prosperity and wealth in the Suruga province, the birthplace of the hatsuyume tradition. Kuniyoshi's ukiyo-e, with its precise details and refined color palette, offers both promise and intrigue—a mystical composition of the most coveted symbols of a perfect hatsuyume, as envisioned by the people of Edo-period Japan.

Hatsuyume invites a moment of reflection on one's life and priorities. Are we living consciously? Are we moving toward our goals? Or are we being pushed by the winds of fate—here and there, without logic or a greater plan? To honestly assess one's life requires discipline, strength, and wisdom. Mount Fuji symbolizes such strength and stability; the falcon represents perseverance, consistency, discipline, and ambition; while the eggplant signifies the ability to appreciate small successes and savor the moment (wisdom). This subtle dialogue between nature, symbols, and human desires makes hatsuyume a unique ritual. It embodies three fundamental elements that are pillars for planning and building a mindful life—strength, discipline, and understanding of the fleeting nature of the world. Let us delve deeper into what hatsuyume is.

What Is Hatsuyume?

The word hatsuyume (初夢) consists of two kanji characters:

• 初 (hatsu) – meaning "first" or "beginning." This character is often used in contexts of novelty, inauguration, or the first steps in a new cycle. In hatsuyume, it highlights the freshness of the New Year and the symbolic importance of initial experiences that set the tone for the days and months to follow. Hatsu also carries a sense of a fresh start—a moment when everything is still open, full of potential and possibilities.

• 夢 (yume) – translates as "dream." This kanji refers not only to the state of sleep but also to dreams, visions, and what transcends the ordinary (much like in European languages, including Polish). In Japanese culture, dreams have always played a role as a bridge between the real and spiritual worlds (again, similar to other cultures). Yume is a gateway to the subconscious, a space where our deepest fears and greatest desires can manifest.

Together, hatsuyume creates a concept that can be understood as "the first dream" in a literal sense but also as the first encounter with the unknown, a glimpse into what the future might bring. This blend of everyday simplicity and philosophical depth makes hatsuyume not only a tradition but also an important symbol in Japanese culture and a "pretext" for deeper self-reflection.

Hatsuyume is a tradition that assigns special significance to the images appearing in dreams on the night of January 1st to 2nd—signs of happiness, success, or challenges that may await in the future. Hatsuyume is not just about what we see during our dreams but also about the meanings we assign to our desires and fears hidden within these visions. It is, in a sense, a silent dialogue between humans and fate, carried out in the darkness of night or the calm freshness of morning.

Traditionally, hatsuyume refers to the dream experienced in the first days of the year. Most commonly, this is the night of January 1st to 2nd, though many people—especially in the past—considered the night of January 2nd to 3rd more appropriate. This was due to the intense New Year celebrations on the first day of the year, which often ended late at night, preventing a peaceful sleep. Today, both dates are acceptable, though the night following January 1st is now most often recognized as the "proper" time for hatsuyume. It is also worth remembering that earlier, hatsuyume took place on the first day of the year according to the lunar calendar. Officially, the date was shifted to January 2nd in 1873, when Japan adopted the Western calendar.

In ancient times, before Japan adopted the Gregorian calendar, hatsuyume occurred around Risshun—the beginning of spring in the lunar calendar. This was a pivotal moment of the year, typically in early February, when the new natural cycle held special significance. In this interpretation, the first dream became even more of a ritual event, associated with the harmony of natural cycles. Moreover, it was believed that dreams during this period could be even more prophetic, as they aligned with the beginning of "new life" in nature.

For some, hatsuyume is merely a symbolic tradition, something mentioned in passing during New Year’s celebrations. For others, it is almost a ritual requiring preparation. In the past, this included placing a talisman in the form of a takarabune (treasure ship) image under the pillow to attract auspicious visions. Regardless of the approach, hatsuyume remains an integral part of Japanese culture—a reminder that our dreams can strengthen our plans, discipline, motivation, and consistency in action.

The History of Hatsuyume Since the Edo Period

The hatsuyume tradition gained particular prominence during the Edo period (1603–1868), a time remembered as one of relative peace, isolation, and cultural flourishing in Japan. It was during this era that the first dream of the New Year came to be seen as a carrier of symbols, capable of predicting the future and guiding the months ahead. Hatsuyume reflected not only folk beliefs but also broader spiritual practices associated with Shintō.

Connection to Shintō Beliefs

In Shintō, Japan's traditional religion, dreams played an important role as a bridge between the human world and the kami—spirits and deities. The early days of the New Year were considered a time when the kami were most active. Dreams were interpreted as a means of understanding divine will or warnings. It was believed that hatsuyume could be a message from the kami, helping individuals understand their life path.

The Role of Tokugawa Ieyasu

The significance of Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543–1616), one of Japan's three unifiers and the founder of the Tokugawa shogunate, is central to the history of hatsuyume. According to one theory, his favorite objects became the basis of the first dream’s symbolism. Mount Fuji, the noble falcon, and the lush eggplant were associated with Suruga Province (modern-day Shizuoka), where Ieyasu spent his later years and maintained his Sunpu residence.

• Mount Fuji, Japan's tallest peak, symbolized power and majesty. Visible from Suruga, it became a natural emblem of success and stability. Its majestic presence inspired not only Edo-period people but also poets and artists. It represented quiet strength, serenity, and wisdom.

• The Falcon, Ieyasu’s favorite bird (read more here: falconry...), associated with hunting in Suruga’s highlands, symbolized discipline, ambition, intelligence, and consistency—traits Ieyasu valued in his life as a strategist and leader.

• The Eggplant might seem an unusual symbol, but in Suruga, eggplants were considered a rare and valuable delicacy. Their name (nasu, 成す) is a homophone for the word meaning "to achieve" or "success."

These three elements—Fuji, the falcon, and the eggplant—became the quintessential symbols of an auspicious hatsuyume. They also inspired the appearance of Kuniyoshi's ukiyo-e discussed earlier. Not only do they embody symbols, but they also reflect the values of one of Japan's most significant leaders.

Connections to Suruga

The Suruga region, today’s Shizuoka Prefecture, played a significant role in establishing the hatsuyume tradition. This area had it all: the majestic Mount Fuji, a rich natural environment home to falcons, and valuable eggplants cultivated in its mild climate. Suruga also symbolized the power of the Tokugawa shogunate, becoming a cultural and spiritual center during the dynasty’s reign.

In the Edo period, the hatsuyume custom could also be interpreted as a way to express loyalty to the shogunate, emphasizing the connection between people’s personal dreams and the strength of the central authority. Fuji, the falcon, and the eggplant were no longer merely symbols of prosperity but became part of the national identity, transitioning from local significance to a nationwide tradition.

The Edo Period as a Time of Tradition's Flourishing

Hatsuyume became embedded in the broader cultural context of the Edo period, which was rich in symbolism, literature, and art focused on consciously experiencing daily life and appreciating the beauty of fleeting moments (mono no aware—read more here: wind chimes...). Ukiyo-e woodblock prints, where masters such as Kuniyoshi captured ephemeral moments, perfectly reflected the mood of hatsuyume as a fleeting but meaningful event. It was during this period that the tradition of the first dream of the year acquired its deep symbolism and solidified as an essential element of Japanese culture.

Hatsuyume is not only a silent observation of the first dream of the new year but also an opportunity to actively shape auspicious visions. During the Edo period, when this tradition gained popularity, various practices were developed to invoke good fortune and ward off bad omens. The beliefs and symbolism of hatsuyume incorporated both spiritual and practical elements, allowing people to influence their destiny through preparations and rituals.

Preparations for an Auspicious Dream

Takarabune – The Treasure Ship

One of the most significant elements of hatsuyume is the image of the takarabune (宝船), or "treasure ship." This ship features the Seven Lucky Gods (shichifukujin)—figures that bring prosperity, success, and protection from misfortune. The ship is typically depicted filled with treasures such as gold coins, jewels, and other riches, with its sail adorned with the character 宝 (takara), meaning "treasure." The takarabune was not only aesthetically pleasing but also served as a talisman, protecting the dreamer from bad visions and attracting good fortune.

Before sleeping, the takarabune image was placed under the pillow, as it was believed to help induce positive dreams—those that would bring happiness throughout the year. In the event of a bad dream, the image could be burned or thrown into a river, symbolically "washing away" any bad omens.

Rituals Involving the Shichifukujin

The Lucky Gods, such as Ebisu (god of fishermen), Daikokuten (god of wealth), and Benzaiten (goddess of music and knowledge), represented various aspects of daily and spiritual life. Placing their images under the pillow had dual significance: ensuring protection and inviting their blessings in the coming year.

Palindromic Poems and Additional Safeguards

Some takarabune images featured palindromic poems, which, when read in any direction, were believed to bring good fortune. Often, the sail also bore the character 獏 (baku), representing a mythical creature that devours nightmares. This dual purpose made the image not only a magnet for positive dreams but also a protective charm against unwanted visions.

Practices for a Bad Dream

Summoning Baku – The Nightmare Devourer

If the hatsuyume brought a bad dream, one could call upon the baku—a mythical creature said to feed on nightmares. The baku was depicted as a being with the head of an elephant, the paws of a tiger, and a body resembling a bear. It was believed that invoking the baku had the power to neutralize any bad visions that might affect reality.

To summon the baku, one would repeat the phrase three times:

「バクさん、私の夢を食べてください。」

("Baku-san, watashi no yume o tabete kudasai.")

"Baku-san, come and eat my dream."

This tradition was especially popular among children. In some Edo-period homes, talismans bearing the baku’s image were placed by the bedside as protection against bad dreams.

While the baku was regarded as a guardian of dreams, it also had a reputation for insatiable hunger. It was believed that if the baku was summoned carelessly, it might not only consume nightmares but also devour good dreams. Therefore, invoking this creature required responsibility and awareness to maintain balance in the world of dreams.

The Symbolism of Baku in Japanese Culture

Beyond its role as a guardian of dreams, the baku became a symbol in Japanese art and folklore. Its image often appears in ukiyo-e, on netsuke (ornamental toggles), and even in modern pop culture interpretations (e.g., the games Persona, Yo-kai Watch, and even Pokémon, with characters like Drowzee and Hypno). In a way, the baku also became a metaphor for humanity’s ability to cope with fears and cleanse the mind of worries.

Hatsuyume in Modern Japan

In contemporary Japan, the hatsuyume tradition is no longer as widely practiced as it was during the Edo period, but it remains a well-known and respected cultural element. For many, it holds more symbolic significance—actively practicing rituals such as placing a takarabune under the pillow is increasingly rare (mostly limited to children). Modern perspectives on hatsuyume often blend tradition with humor and reflection, while also serving as a pretext for discussions about plans and hopes for the new year.

Is Hatsuyume Still a Relevant Tradition?

Hatsuyume remains recognized in Japan, though its significance has evolved over the years. Today, it is more of a symbolic than a practical tradition, with many Japanese referencing it more in cultural discussions than as an active ritual. However, it continues to inspire themes of mindful life planning.

Interestingly, the symbols introduced by the first shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu remain deeply embedded in the cultural consciousness of modern Japan. A survey conducted by Japan Trend Research in 2022 among 3,000 respondents revealed that 9.9% had a dream resembling hatsuyume, featuring symbols such as Mount Fuji, a falcon, or an eggplant. Among these individuals:

• 84% saw Mount Fuji, making it the most commonly seen symbol in dreams.
• 30.5% saw a falcon, a significant percentage given that falcons are not commonly seen in Japanese cities.
• 23% saw an eggplant.

Examples of Contemporary Dream Interpretations

Modern approaches to hatsuyume often blend tradition with humor and everyday experiences. Among the survey respondents, one can find a wide variety of accounts, ranging from classic to highly unusual:

Fortunate Dreams:

• “I dreamed I was looking at Mount Fuji through the window of a shinkansen. I thought it was a good sign for the year.” (Female, 20s)
• “In my dream, I was climbing Mount Fuji while a falcon circled above me. I felt it was a sign of some great achievement ahead.” (Male, 50s)

Humorous Dreams:

• “I dreamed I was fighting a giant eggplant, as if it were a character in an RPG.” (Male, 20s)
• “I forgot to turn on my electric blanket, and I dreamed I was climbing a snow-covered Mount Fuji, frozen to the bone.” (Male, 27)

Unsettling Dreams:

• “I dreamed Mount Fuji erupted, and lava was heading straight for me. I was terrified.” (Male, 65)
• “A falcon chased me through the entire dream. It was unsettling, and I couldn’t wake up.” (Female, 72)

Does Anyone Still Need Hatsuyume Today?

Hatsuyume, though deeply Japanese and archaic in its symbolism, carries a universal message that we can adapt to our lives. The imagery of Mount Fuji, the falcon, and the eggplant—though exotic to us—reflects universal desires: discipline, tranquility, strength, and the ability to appreciate small joys. Perhaps it’s worth asking ourselves: what images would I like to see in my "first dream of the year"? What symbols would best represent my goals and values? This exercise in imagination and self-awareness could become the start of a more mindful approach to the year ahead.

Dreams hold remarkable power—they offer us a space where we can confront our desires and fears. Hatsuyume is an invitation to introspection: what dreams would we like to fulfill, and what truly matters to us? In our daily rush, we rarely allow ourselves such moments of reflection. Pausing to ask, “What do I desire?” doesn’t have to lead only to dreaming—it can become the starting point for creating an action plan. After all, to see Fuji in our own lives, we must summon the strength to climb; to soar like a falcon, we need to plan our flight; to appreciate the eggplant, we must learn to find joy in everyday achievements.

Hatsuyume is not just a tradition but an inspiration for more intentional living. What we see in the first dream of the year—whether real or imagined—can become a roadmap for our actions. And if we realize that the reality we live in doesn’t resemble what we’d like to see in that dream, it may be a sign that it’s time for change.

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"Strong Japanese Women"

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    未開    ソビエライ

 An enthusiast of Asian culture with a deep appreciation for the diverse philosophies of the world. By education, a psychologist and philologist specializing in Korean studies. At heart, a programmer (primarily for Android) and a passionate technology enthusiast, as well as a practitioner of Zen and mono no aware. In moments of tranquility, adheres to a disciplined lifestyle, firmly believing that perseverance, continuous personal growth, and dedication to one's passions are the wisest paths in life. Author of the book "Strong Women of Japan" (>>see more)

Personal motto:

"The most powerful force in the universe is compound interest." - Albert Einstein (probably)

  Mike Soray

   (aka Michał Sobieraj)

未開    ソビエライ

 An enthusiast of Asian culture with a deep appreciation for the diverse philosophies of the world. By education, a psychologist and philologist specializing in Korean studies. At heart, a programmer (primarily for Android) and a passionate technology enthusiast, as well as a practitioner of Zen and mono no aware. In moments of tranquility, adheres to a disciplined lifestyle, firmly believing that perseverance, continuous personal growth, and dedication to one's passions are the wisest paths in life. Author of the book "Strong Women of Japan" (>>see more)

Personal motto:

"The most powerful force in the universe is compound interest." - Albert Einstein (probably)

Mike Soray

(aka Michał Sobieraj)

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