A Faithful Friend from the Land of Snow

In the snowy labyrinth of northern Japan, in Yukiguni, the land of deep snow, amidst icy winds and the peaks of the Tōhoku mountains, Matagi hunters faced one of the most fearsome predators – the black bear. At their side stood their indispensable, steadfast companion, the Akita Inu – a dog that knew no fear. When humans faced danger, it was the Akita that diverted the enraged animal's attention, running straight at it to give its master a chance to survive. These dogs, descendants of the ancient Matagi Inu from the land of Jōmon, have been survival masters in the harsh realities of Yukiguni for thousands of years, combining the traits of a hunter, protector, and loyal companion.

Akita is a breed full of mysteries and legends. Originating in prehistoric times, when dogs were not only hunting assistants but were also considered spiritual guardians, the breed survived the tumultuous centuries of Japanese history, becoming an integral part of the lives of samurai and shoguns. During the era of Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, known as the “Dog Shogun,” Akitas were regarded as almost sacred, and harming them was punishable by imprisonment or even death. Inspired by their importance, in 1687, Japan passed its first-ever (and long before Europe) animal protection law, the Shōrui Awaremi no Rei (生類憐みの令 – “Edict of Compassion for Living Beings”).

Today, the Akita Inu is a breed known worldwide, primarily thanks to the extraordinary story of Hachikō – the dog who waited for his deceased owner at Shibuya Station for ten years, becoming a symbol of loyalty and devotion. But Akita is more than just the hero of one story. It is a breed that, over centuries, has connected humans with nature, provided protection in difficult times, and inspired with its resilience. Join us on a journey through time and space – into a world of hunters, samurai, and wars, where loyal Akita Inu always, though not always willingly, accompanied humans.

What Is the Akita Like?

Physical Characteristics of the Akita

Anyone who has seen an Akita in person knows – this is a dog that commands respect and admiration with its appearance alone. It is a large, majestic breed, with males reaching up to 67 cm at the withers and weighing around 40–50 kg. Their muscular, proportional build gives them strength and grace, while their characteristic double-layered coat – dense and waterproof – protects them from harsh weather conditions. This coat, in shades of white, red, brindle, or sesame, is one of their hallmarks. A thick tail curled over the back completes their impressive look, reminiscent of the wolf-like nature of their ancestors.

It is also worth noting the differences between the two main Akita lines – the Akita Inu (Japanese line) and the American Akita. The Akita Inu has retained a more primitive appearance – slimmer, with a more delicate head and fox-like eyes. The American Akita, descended from dogs imported by American soldiers after World War II, is more massive, with a broader head and smaller eyes. Both lines have their devoted fans.

Character and Temperament

The Akita is a breed full of contrasts – on the one hand, it is an incredibly loyal dog that forms a deep bond with its family, but on the other, it is independent and highly self-reliant in decision-making. Their loyalty is legendary, as best illustrated by the story of Hachikō (covered later in this article). However, this trait comes with a resolute character – the Akita is not your typical “playful dog.” It is an animal that prefers to assess a situation before reacting, making it extremely intelligent and sensitive to its owner’s subtle cues.

This sensitivity allows the Akita to read human emotions and respond to them intuitively. It is a breed that does not tolerate yelling or violence – calm yet consistent training is crucial. However, their independence can be a challenge – the Akita can be stubborn, requiring patience and firmness from its owner.

Purpose of the Breed

The history of the Akita breed is as fascinating as its appearance. Originating from Matagi Inu (マタギ犬 – “matagi” meaning mountain hunters, “inu” meaning “dog”), it was initially bred as a hunting dog in the mountainous regions of Akita Prefecture. Its tasks included tracking and holding down large game, such as bears, boars, and deer. Hunting in pairs – where one dog distracted the prey while the other attacked its weak points – required both intelligence in teamwork and communication skills.

While the modern Akita is less frequently used for hunting, it remains a loyal companion to humans. In Japan, it is a symbol of protection and good fortune – ceramic Akita figurines are often given as lucky talismans. Around the world, it has gained popularity as a family dog, although its strong character requires an experienced owner. Its natural vigilance and balanced demeanor also make it an excellent guard dog.

Popularity

Today, Akitas are among the most popular breeds in Japan, although their numbers are relatively small compared to more “global” breeds like Labradors or German Shepherds. In Japan, there are approximately 30,000 registered Akita Inu, and this number continues to grow thanks to breeding programs run by organizations such as the Akitainu Hozonkai (秋田犬保存会). Globally, Akitas have gained particular popularity in the United States, where the American line is as popular as the Japanese one.

In Poland, Akita Inu enjoys growing interest, especially among people seeking a dog with a unique character and a strong bond with its owner. The popularity of this breed in Poland has been steadily increasing. The first Akitas appeared in Poland in the 1980s, and the breed was officially registered in 1991 with the establishment of the Akita Inu Club. Since then, the number of breeders and Akita enthusiasts has significantly increased. In 2008, over 100 Akita breeders were registered in Poland. Today, this number is likely higher (although exact statistics are unavailable).

Akita in Historical Japan

Prehistoric Origins

The history of the Akita dates back to the distant times of the Jōmon period (circa 14,000–300 BCE), when humans first settled in the territories of present-day Japan. Among these ancient communities were dogs known as Matagi Inu (マタギ犬), which were the precursors of the modern Akita. Matagi Inu, used primarily in northern Japan in the Tōhoku region, were invaluable companions to hunters who had to contend with the challenging mountainous terrain and harsh winters. These medium-sized dogs tracked and assisted in hunting large game such as black bears (tsukinowaguma - 月の輪熊, meaning "bear with a crescent moon"), boars, and deer, making them indispensable partners for survival in the harsh environment.

Matagi Inu reflected the everyday life of Jōmon-era people, who lived in harmony with nature, hunting game and gathering forest fruits. These dogs were not only practical aids but also symbols of cultural significance – treated with respect and often regarded as spiritual companions to hunters (as evidenced by archaeological discoveries of burial sites). In Matagi culture, dogs had ritual significance, participating in ceremonies aimed at warding off evil and ensuring prosperity during hunts.

Evolution of the Breed in Feudal Times

In later periods, as Japan entered the feudal era, Matagi Inu began to shift in their roles. As society became increasingly hierarchical, these dogs started being seen as more than just tools for work. In feudal Japan, dogs were selectively bred to meet the growing demands for guarding samurai estates and participating in local ceremonies. In the Akita region, where these dogs were particularly valued, they began to evolve towards a more pronounced appearance – thicker coats and more muscular builds to endure the harsh winters.

The Edo Period

As Japanese society evolved, Akitas became increasingly symbolic of prestige. During the Edo period (1603–1868), their breeding was regulated, and owning such a dog became a privilege reserved for samurai. Beyond their role in hunting, they also became companions in the daily lives of warriors.

Under the rule of shōgun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, known as "Inu Kōbō" (犬公方, "the Dog Shōgun"), Akitas received special attention. Tsunayoshi, fascinated by astrology, believed that his birth year – the Year of the Dog – created a special bond with these animals. In 1687, he issued the Shōrui Awaremi no Rei (生類憐みの令, "Edict of Compassion for Living Beings"), which prohibited the mistreatment of dogs and other animals. Akitas were treated with respect, and some lived in luxury, with their own servants and specially prepared meals. They symbolized the status of their owner and their place in the social hierarchy.

Meiji and Taishō Periods: Akitas in Dog Fighting

During the Meiji period (1868–1912), as Japan opened up to the world, Western culture began influencing traditional aspects of life, including dog breeding. Akitas, which had previously symbolized loyalty and protection, became participants in the brutal dogfights popular at the time. To enhance their effectiveness in combat, they were crossed with Western breeds such as Mastiffs and Tosa Inu, which led to the loss of some of their original traits.

By the early 20th century, many Akitas differed significantly from their original ancestors in both appearance and temperament. Breeders in Akita Prefecture recognized the need to protect the breed from further degradation. In 1927, the Akitainu Hozonkai organization was established to restore the Akita to its original form as Japan’s national dog.

The Tragic Fate of Akitas During World War II

During World War II, the situation for Akita Inu dogs became dire. Faced with shortages of food and resources, the Japanese government ordered the mass confiscation of dogs, except for German Shepherds used for military purposes. Akitas were killed for their fur, which was used to produce winter clothing for soldiers. In the face of such threats, breeders took desperate measures, hiding dogs in mountain villages or crossbreeding them with German Shepherds to avoid confiscation.

Post-War Recovery

After the war, only a small number of purebred Akitas survived, thanks to the determination of individuals like Mori Sawataishi, who hid his dogs in the remote mountains of Hachimantai. The recovery of the breed began with the meticulous selection of dogs to restore their original traits. In the 1950s, American soldiers stationed in Japan began bringing Akitas to the United States, leading to the development of a separate line – the American Akita. Meanwhile, Japan continued efforts to preserve the Akita in its traditional form, resulting in the eventual division of the breed into two distinct varieties in later decades.

The Akita Among Samurai

Social Status

In the samurai era, the Akita Inu became an integral part of the lives of Japanese warriors, reflecting their values and lifestyle. Samurai, guided by the code of bushidō (noting that the term itself originated later, during the peaceful Edo period), valued loyalty, courage, and discipline – qualities perfectly embodied by the Akita. The bond between a samurai and his Akita was deep, almost ritualistic, based on mutual trust and cooperation. This dog was not only a guardian but also a symbol of its owner's social status.

Akitas often accompanied samurai in their daily duties. They guarded estates and protected families in the warrior's absence. At night, they patrolled properties, responding to the slightest noise, and their territorial instincts made them ideal watchdogs. In times of danger, the Akita was the first line of defense, often risking its life to protect its owners.

Life During the Edo Period

Life for the Akita during the Edo period was not limited to being a guard dog. These dogs were treated with respect and care that went beyond practical uses. Samurai believed that their relationship with the Akita was more than just a bond between man and animal – it was a partnership based on a shared purpose. It was believed that the Akita reflected the soul of its master, and a dog that displayed courage and devotion brought glory to its owner.

Training and Prestige

Training Akitas during the samurai era was meticulous and based on specialized techniques. Dogs were taught specific commands in a unique language that varied depending on the region and social status of the owner. This language, known as "inu-go" (犬語 – "dog language"), was a form of secret code used only by select individuals. This made these dogs not only well-trained but also difficult to handle by potential enemies.

The training process for an Akita began in the puppy’s early months. Owners carefully selected dogs that exhibited traits such as bravery, calmness in the face of danger, and defensive instincts. Training took place in conditions simulating real threats, allowing the dogs to develop skills in combat, defense, and tracking.

During the Edo period, Akitas also became symbols of prestige. Owning an Akita was a privilege reserved for samurai and higher social classes. This breed was not an ordinary animal – it was a sign of high status and connections with the elite. Akitas were treated almost like family members, and their care was a priority. There are accounts of some dogs having their own accommodations on samurai estates, where they were fed the highest-quality food and groomed with great care.

Interestingly, an Akita’s leash was also a status symbol for its owner. The more decorated and expensive the leash, the higher the samurai’s position. In some cases, Akitas wore symbolic necklaces or ornaments that emphasized their unique role.

Emotional Bond

The relationship between a samurai and an Akita was characterized by deep trust and mutual loyalty, transcending the typical partnership between a human and an animal. Samurai treated their Akitas almost as members of their family, and this bond was nurtured through years of shared life and cooperation. In times when the lives of samurai were marked by uncertainty and constant conflict, the Akita served not only as a guardian but also as emotional support.

When a samurai went to war, the Akita often stayed behind with the family, taking on the role of protector. It was responsible for safeguarding the household, a crucial duty in times when the absence of the head of the house could expose the family to attacks by bandits or enemies. Chronicles of samurai families include accounts of Akitas effectively warding off intruders and, when necessary, fighting with great determination. One example is a story from the 17th century about an Akita belonging to a samurai in the Akita region, who single-handedly defended his master’s home from attackers, giving his family time to escape. Such legends were not uncommon during this period.

There were also instances of Akitas accompanying samurai on long journeys, traversing Japan’s mountainous terrains in harsh conditions. Thanks to their resilience and reliability, these dogs could travel for days, carrying small loads or assisting in hunting when food supplies ran low. One legend tells of a samurai who, during a winter trek through the mountains, was cut off by an avalanche. His Akita found the nearest village and led help to his master, saving his life. These stories illustrate the profound and reciprocal bond between these extraordinary dogs and the samurai.

The Story of Japan's Most Famous Akita Inu: Hachikō

The Beginning of a Bond

Hachikō, an Akita Inu, was born on November 10, 1923, in the mountainous Akita Prefecture. He was an adorable puppy with cream-colored fur and a gracefully curled tail. As a young dog, he was brought to Tokyo by his owner, Professor Hidesaburō Ueno, who taught agriculture at the Imperial University of Tokyo (now the University of Tokyo). The professor, known for his love of animals, gave his new companion the name "Hachikō" (ハチ公), which can be translated as "eighth prince," signifying the dog's special place in his life.

From the very beginning, a remarkable bond formed between Hachikō and Professor Ueno. Every day, Hachikō would accompany his master to Shibuya Station, where the professor boarded a train to work. In the afternoon, Hachikō would return to the station to greet Ueno, and they would walk home together. This daily ritual became a symbol of their relationship and a testament to the dog’s profound loyalty.

Tragedy and Devotion

Everything changed on May 21, 1925, when Professor Ueno suddenly died of a heart attack during a lecture at the university. Unaware of the tragedy, Hachikō waited as usual for his master at Shibuya Station. However, that day, the professor never returned. Nevertheless, Hachikō continued to return to the station every day, hoping to see his owner again among the crowd of commuters.

For the next ten years, Hachikō appeared daily at Shibuya Station, regardless of the weather, earning the admiration and sympathy of Tokyo’s residents. He became a fixture of the station’s landscape, and his presence reminded passersby of the power of loyalty and love. News outlets began to write about the extraordinary dog, and Hachikō became famous throughout the country. His story inspired many, and his unwavering loyalty was regarded as an ideal to which people should aspire.

Hachikō passed away on March 8, 1935, at the very spot where he had waited daily for a decade—Shibuya Station. A postmortem examination revealed that he had suffered from cancer and filariasis (a parasitic disease). Despite pain and old age, he never stopped believing that one day he would see his master again.

The Monument

During his lifetime, Hachikō became a national hero. In 1934, a year before his death, Tokyo residents raised funds to erect a statue in his honor. Sculptor Teru Andō created a beautiful bronze figure of the dog, which was placed in front of Shibuya Station at the spot where Hachikō waited for his owner. At the statue’s unveiling ceremony, Hachikō was present as the guest of honor.

However, during World War II, the original statue was dismantled and melted down for military purposes. After the war, in 1948, Japanese dog enthusiasts and sculptor Takeshi Andō (son of Teru Andō) spearheaded the creation of a new statue, which stands to this day. It has become one of Tokyo’s most iconic landmarks, a popular meeting point, and a symbol of loyalty and devotion.

The Legacy Lives On

Hachikō’s story has become an enduring part of Japanese culture. His tale has inspired numerous books, films, and works of art, including the famous Hollywood film Hachi: A Dog’s Tale starring Richard Gere. To this day, Hachikō symbolizes loyalty, reminding people worldwide of the profound and selfless love that can exist between a human and an animal.

Hachikō’s preserved remains are on display at the National Museum of Nature and Science in Tokyo. His heart and some of his organs were buried next to Professor Ueno’s grave at Aoyama Cemetery in Tokyo, symbolizing their inseparable bond even after death. Hachikō remains a beautiful example of love and devotion.

Akita Inu in Pop Culture

The Akita Inu, with its majestic appearance and extraordinary character, has inspired many creators in pop culture, earning a status as an icon of loyalty and courage. One of the most recognizable examples is the story of Hachikō, immortalized in numerous film adaptations. In 1987, the Japanese film Hachikō Monogatari faithfully recreated the moving tale of the dog who waited for his master. The film was a massive success in Japan, contributing to the global interest in this breed. In 2009, a Hollywood adaptation, Hachi: A Dog’s Tale, starring Richard Gere, was released. Although the film set the story in the United States, it preserved the spirit of the original tale, touching audiences worldwide.

Akitas also feature in literature, particularly in legends and stories highlighting their remarkable qualities. In children’s and young adult books, they are often portrayed as loyal companions and adventurous heroes.

The breed has also gained popularity in video games and anime. In the game Nintendogs, a pet simulator, players can choose an Akita as their virtual companion. Additionally, in Ghost of Tsushima, set in feudal Japan, Akitas appear as totemic animals and symbols of loyalty. In anime and manga, motifs involving Akitas often reflect their strong character and bond with humans. One example is the manga Inu no Monogatari, where an Akita becomes a central element of the plot, blending Japan’s traditions with an emotional narrative.

Akitas also appear in modern art, advertisements, and social campaigns, where their majestic appearance and symbolic significance draw attention. Through these cultural representations, they have become not only a part of Japan’s cultural heritage but also a global phenomenon, inspiring and captivating people around the world. It is through pop culture, alongside stories like that of Hachikō, that the Akita Inu continues to be one of the most recognizable symbols of loyalty and friendship.

>> SEE ALSO SIMILAR ARTICLES:

Yukiguni – What Life Lessons Can Be Learned from Japan’s Snow Country?

Shiba Inu – A Companion of Medieval Samurai and a Star of the Internet

Samurai and His Falcon – The Noble Tradition of Takagari Hunting

The Silence of Endless White – Winter Haiku as a Mirror of the Soul

Time Stood Still When I Looked at Hiroshige’s “Evening Snow in the Village of Kanbara”

"Strong Japanese Women"

see book by the author

of the page

    未開    ソビエライ

 An enthusiast of Asian culture with a deep appreciation for the diverse philosophies of the world. By education, a psychologist and philologist specializing in Korean studies. At heart, a programmer (primarily for Android) and a passionate technology enthusiast, as well as a practitioner of Zen and mono no aware. In moments of tranquility, adheres to a disciplined lifestyle, firmly believing that perseverance, continuous personal growth, and dedication to one's passions are the wisest paths in life. Author of the book "Strong Women of Japan" (>>see more)

Personal motto:

"The most powerful force in the universe is compound interest." - Albert Einstein (probably)

  Mike Soray

   (aka Michał Sobieraj)

未開    ソビエライ

 An enthusiast of Asian culture with a deep appreciation for the diverse philosophies of the world. By education, a psychologist and philologist specializing in Korean studies. At heart, a programmer (primarily for Android) and a passionate technology enthusiast, as well as a practitioner of Zen and mono no aware. In moments of tranquility, adheres to a disciplined lifestyle, firmly believing that perseverance, continuous personal growth, and dedication to one's passions are the wisest paths in life. Author of the book "Strong Women of Japan" (>>see more)

Personal motto:

"The most powerful force in the universe is compound interest." - Albert Einstein (probably)

Mike Soray

(aka Michał Sobieraj)

Write us...

Ciechanów, Polska

dr.imyon@gmail.com

___________________

inari.smart

Would you like to share your thoughts or feedback about our website or app? Leave us a message, and we’ll get back to you quickly. We value your perspective!